The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, administered by the SEC, is a federal law that regulates investment advisers. It requires registration, compliance with conduct restrictions, and disclosure requirements to protect investors. The Act aims to prevent abuses in the securities industry by ensuring advisers act in their clients' best interests and disclose potential conflicts of interest.
Requirements related to the registration of investment advisers and the disclosure of information to clients and the public.
Advisers must register with the SEC or state authorities; unless an exemption applies.
Registered investment advisers must annually update their Form ADV within 90 days after fiscal year end.
Advisers must promptly amend Form ADV if certain information becomes materially inaccurate.
Advisers must prepare and deliver a written disclosure brochure (Form ADV Part 2A) to prospective and existing clients.
Advisers must prepare and deliver brochure supplements for supervised persons who directly interact with clients.
Broker-dealers and investment advisers must deliver a relationship summary (Form CRS) to retail investors.
Form ADV is publicly available through the IARD system; ensuring transparency.
Core principles governing an adviser's relationship with clients; including duties of loyalty and care.
Advisers must act in the best interest of their clients; placing client interests before their own.
Advisers must exercise care and diligence in providing advice; including having a reasonable understanding of the client's financial situation and objectives.
Advisers must seek the most favorable terms reasonably available for a client's transactions.
Advisers must fully and fairly disclose all material conflicts of interest to clients.
Conduct reasonable diligence to understand a client's financial situation; investment objectives; and risk tolerance (Know Your Client).
Ensure that all investment recommendations and strategies are suitable for the client's specific circumstances.
Maintain regular and clear communication with clients regarding their accounts; performance; and relevant disclosures.
Clearly disclose all fees; charges; and compensation arrangements to clients.
Comply with rules governing payments for client referrals.
Requirements for establishing; implementing; and maintaining a robust compliance program.
Develop and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violations of the Advisers Act.
Designate a qualified Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) responsible for administering the compliance program.
Conduct an annual review of the adequacy of the compliance policies and procedures and the effectiveness of their implementation.
Provide ongoing training to all relevant personnel on compliance policies and procedures.
Conduct periodic risk assessments to identify and evaluate compliance risks relevant to the firm's business activities.
Establish and test internal controls to ensure adherence to policies and procedures and prevent regulatory violations.
Maintain a compliance calendar and conduct ongoing monitoring to ensure timely completion of compliance tasks.
Maintain a comprehensive compliance manual outlining all firm policies and procedures.
Specific requirements for maintaining and preserving books and records.
Maintain all books and records required by Rule 204-2 (e.g.; journals; ledgers; order tickets; communications).
Retain records for the prescribed periods; generally five years for most records; with the first two years in an easily accessible place.
Ensure electronic records are preserved in a non-rewriteable; non-erasable format (WORM) and are readily accessible.
Ensure records are readily available for examination by the SEC.
Retain all business-related written and electronic correspondence and communications with clients.
Rules governing investment advisers that have custody of client funds or securities.
Client funds and securities must be held by a qualified custodian (e.g.; banks; broker-dealers).
For advisers with custody; obtain an annual surprise examination by an independent public accountant (unless subject to the audit provision for pooled investment vehicles).
Ensure clients receive account statements directly from the qualified custodian at least quarterly.
Promptly notify clients in writing upon opening an account with a qualified custodian.
Implement specific procedures for advisers that deduct fees directly from client accounts.
For certain pooled investment vehicles; obtain and distribute audited financial statements to investors.
Regulations concerning investment adviser advertising and communications with the public.
Prohibits advertisements that are false; untrue; misleading; or manipulative.
Ensure performance advertising is fair; balanced; and includes all required disclosures.
Comply with conditions for using testimonials; endorsements; and third-party ratings in advertising.
Adhere to specific requirements and disclosures when presenting hypothetical performance.
Establish procedures for the review and pre-approval of all advertisements.
Maintain records of all advertisements disseminated and their approvals.
Implement policies and procedures for adviser use of social media and other digital communications for marketing.
Requirements for investment advisers to adopt a code of ethics.
Advisers must adopt and enforce a written code of ethics applicable to their supervised persons.
Require access persons to report their personal securities transactions and holdings periodically.
Require access persons to obtain approval before investing in certain securities.
Establish policies and procedures to prevent the misuse of material nonpublic information (insider trading).
Require prompt reporting of any violations of the code of ethics to the CCO.
Obtain annual written acknowledgment from supervised persons that they have received and read the code of ethics.
Measures to protect client information and firm systems from unauthorized access or breaches.
Provide initial and annual privacy notices to clients regarding the firm's information sharing practices.
Implement administrative; technical; and physical safeguards to protect the security and confidentiality of client nonpublic personal information.
Conduct regular cybersecurity risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and threats.
Develop and implement comprehensive cybersecurity policies and procedures.
Implement data encryption and strict access controls for sensitive client data.
Develop and test an incident response plan for cybersecurity breaches and data loss.
Conduct due diligence on third-party vendors to assess their cybersecurity posture.
Provide regular cybersecurity awareness training to all employees.
Miscellaneous but important compliance requirements.
Advisers who vote client proxies must adopt and implement policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure voting in the client's best interest.
Disclose to clients how they can obtain information about how the adviser voted their proxies.
Comply with rules restricting political contributions to government officials or candidates who could influence the award of advisory business.
Comply with conditions when paying cash referral fees to solicitors.
While not explicitly under the Advisers Act; RIAs generally have AML obligations under the Bank Secrecy Act; requiring customer identification programs and suspicious activity reporting.
Develop; implement; and maintain a business continuity plan for unexpected disruptions.
Establish policies for supervised persons' outside business activities to identify and manage conflicts of interest.
For advisers to private funds; comply with Regulation D filing requirements (Form D).
For large private fund advisers; comply with Form PF filing requirements.
Establish and apply consistent methodologies for valuing client assets.